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Monday, May 12, 2025

Frequency Stability Prediction and Enhancement (FSP&E) Tool for Power Grids Developed by Researchers at Advanced Power and Energy Center (APEC) at Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi: Could Such a Tool Have Prevented the Iberian Blackout?

    Researchers at the Advanced Power and Energy Center (APEC) at Khalifa University have developed a new tool for power grid frequency management and stabilization. This is known as the Frequency Stability Prediction and Enhancement (FSP&E) Tool. An article in the Khalifa University Explorer explains the need for such a tool:

In conventional power generation, inertia plays a crucial role as it allows generators and other components to maintain stable operating frequencies in case of severe system contingencies. However, as power grids become increasingly reliant on inverter-based renewable sources, this inertia support becomes less reliable, raising challenges for the future of energy stability.”

We saw this happen recently on the Iberian Peninsula when a blackout hit Spain and Portugal. Could a tool like the FSP&E Tool have prevented the blackout? I don’t know the answer, but it seems to be a good question.

     The online tool assesses, predicts, and enhances the frequency stability of power systems. The tool “works alongside a reserve-power allocation strategy to probe the real-time frequency response of the power system in a virtual environment.”

The FSP&E tool incorporates several novel features that are applicable to power grids,” says El Moursi. First, the tool calculates the system inertia in real-time and investigates the resilience of the power grid to sudden events. Next, it assesses the frequency response during these events. Finally, the tool estimates the required reserve power to maintain frequency stability and dynamically adjusts the hybrid renewable power-plant controller accordingly.”

Subsequently, the energy management system of the power grid can use the reserve power allocation in the photovoltaic power plants and battery energy storage systems with the load shedding approach, for extreme cases, to save the power grid in response to severe system disturbances,” El Moursi explains.

The tool provides continuous feedback for system performance, which informs frequency response limits and needs.

The research team’s next step is to investigate the intermittent nature of photovoltaic power generation. “The impact of frequency-dependent loads on the estimation of frequency nadir [the lowest frequency point in response to system disturbance] and reserve power will also be probed,” says El Moursi.”

I have read that the power grid in Spain had lots of solar PV but not very much battery storage, and that that was part of the issue that led to the blackout. I am assuming this means inadequate reserve allocation and load shedding.

     System inertia (SI) estimation is needed to assess the frequency stability (FS) of a power system. The next need is to estimate the governor’s response or frequency nadir (FN) to plan for contingencies that may occur. 








     According to the paper:

A detailed investigation of the literature reveals that the proposed approaches for investigating and supporting the FS of power systems with renewable power generation have several drawbacks such as: 1) model complexity (2) applicability due to the presence of noise in the frequency signals, (3) control actions at inappropriate timings, (4) not considering RESs {Renewable Energy Resources} to participate in FR, (5) not considering dynamically calculated sub-optimal PV set-points.”





     It seems intuitive that better frequency stability monitoring and regulation could have prevented the Iberian blackout, and a tool such as this could have been a key to such prevention. 

    

   

 

References:

 

How to ensure efficient and stable power grid operation. Khalifas University Explorer. March 18, 2025. How to ensure efficient and stable power grid operation   | KU Explorer

A predictive tool for power system operators to ensure frequency stability for power grids with renewable energy integration. Faisal Sattar, Sudipta Ghosh, Younes J. Isbeih, Mohamed Shawky El Moursi, Ahmed Al Durra, and Tarek H.M. El Fouly. Applied Energy. Volume 353, Part B, 1 January 2024, 122226. A predictive tool for power system operators to ensure frequency stability for power grids with renewable energy integration - ScienceDirect

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